Fig. 3

Visualization of the MR analysis. A-D Visualization of the causal effects of selenium on senile cataract. E-H Visualization of the causal effects of magnesium on age-related macular degeneration. I-L Visualization of the causal effects of selenium on diabetic retinopathy. A, E, I, scatter plots; B, F, J, forest plots; C, G, K, funnel plots; D, H, L, leave-one-out plot