Fig. 3

Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on PPARγ expression in various colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. (A) PPARγ gene expression levels in CRC cells treated with BSA alone as a control, and in those treated with PUFAs. (B) Methylation status of four regions within the PPARγ promoter in BSA- and PUFAs-treated CRC cell lines. Cell lines showing both methylated (●) and unmethylated (○) variants are referred to as hemimethylated, in which methylation occurs in only one of two strands of DNA within the promoter region. Bars represent average values ± standard deviation (SD). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01. C, control; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; LA, linoleic acid; NS, not significant